GUANGFUZHIJIACHANGJIANLEIXINGYOUSHENME?ZAIYIGEDAXINGTAIYANGNENGFADIANZHANXIANGMUZHONG，JIANANCHENGBENZHANGUANGFUXIANGMUZONGTOUZIDE21%ZUOYOU，ERTAIYANGNENGGUANGFUZHIJIADETOUZIJINZHANZONGCHENGBENDE3%ZUOYOU。YINCI，XIANGDUIYUTAIYANGNENGDIANZHANGAOEDETOUZI，ZHIJIACHENGBENDEBODONGBINGBUSHIMINGANYINSU，XUANZEGAODASHANGZHIJIADECHENGBENJINTIGAOBUZU 1%，RANERRUGUOXUANYONGDEZHIJIABUHESHI，HOUQIYANGHUCHENGBENHUIDADAZENGJIA，ZHENGTIKAOLVBINGBUHESUAN。

　　RENHELEIXINGDETAIYANGNENGGUANGFUZUJIANZHUANGPEIBUJIAN，ZHONGYAODETEZHENGZHIYISHINAIHOUXING。XUBAOZHENG25NIANNEIJIEGOUXULAOGUKEKAO，NENGCHENGSHOURUHUANJINGQINSHI，FENG、XUEHEZAIHEQITAWAIBUXIAOYING。ANQUANKEKAODEANZHUANG，YIXIAODEANZHUANGCHENGBENDADAODADESHIYONGXIAOGUO、JIHUMIANWEIHU、KEKAODEWEIXIU、KEHUISHOU，ZHEIXIEDOUSHIZUOXUANZEFANGANSHISUOXUYAOKAOLVDEZHONGYAOYINSU。MUQIANYIXIEZHIJIAQIYEYINGYONGLEGAONAIMOCAILIAOYIDIKANGFENGLIXUEHEZAIHEQITAFUSHIZUOYONG，ZONGHELIYONGLELVHEJINYANGJIYANGHUA，CHAOHOUREDUXIN，BUXIUGANG，KANGUVLAOHUADENGJISHUGONGYILAIBAOZHENGYANGNENGZHIJIAHETAIYANGNENGGENZONGDESHIYONGSHOUMING。

　　1GUANGFUZHIJIACHANGJIANXINGSHI

　　GUANGFUZHIJIAJUYOUDUOZHONGFENLEIFANGSHI，RUANZHAOLIANJIEFANGSHIFENWEIHANJIESHIHEZUZHUANGSHI，ANZHAOANZHUANGJIEGOUFENWEIGUDINGSHIHEZHURISHI，ANZHAOANZHUANGDIDIANFENWEIDIMIANSHIHEWUMIANSHIDENG。WULUNNAZHONGGUANGFUXITONG，QIZHIJIAGOUCHENGDATIXIANGSI，DOUBAOKUOLIANJIEJIAN、LIZHU、LONGGU、HENGLIANG、FUZHUJIANDENGBUFEN。

　　DIMIANZHIJIAGUDINGFANGSHI

　　TAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEDEZHIJIA，TONGCHANGYOUCONGGANGJINHUNNINGTUJICHUZHONGSHENCHUDEGANGZHIREJINDUXINDEJIAGONGPINHUOZHEBUXIUGANGZHIDIJIAOLUOSHUANLAIGUDING。ZAIFANGWUWUDINGSHANGCAIYONGHUNNINGTUJICHUDECHANGHE，JIANGFANGWUDEFANGSHUICENGJIEKAIYIBUFEN，BODIAOHUNNINGTUBIAOMIAN.ZAITIANJINGDEGANGJINSHANGBAZHENLIEYONGDEHUNNINGTUZUODEGANGJINHANJIEZAIYIQI。BUNENGHANJIEGANGJINSHI，WEILEJIEZHUHUNNINGTUDEFUZHELIHEZIZHONGDUIKANGFENGYA，SHIHUNNINGTUDIZUOBIAOMIANAOTUBUPINGSHIFUZHELIJIADA。ZHIHOU，YONGFANGSHUITIANCHONGJIJINXINGERCIFANGSHUICHULI。

　　1.1GUDINGSHIGUANGFUZHIJIA

　　GUDINGSHIGUANGFUZHIJIA，GUMINGSIYI，SHIZHIANZHUANGZHIHOUFANGWEI、JIAODUDENGBAOCHIBUBIANDEZHIJIAXITONG。GUDINGANZHUANGFANGSHIZHIJIEJIANGTAIYANGNENGGUANGFUZUJIANCHAOXIANGDIWEIDUDIQUFANGZHI(YUDIMIANCHENGYIDINGDEJIAODU)，YICHUANBINGLIANDEFANGSHIZUCHENGTAIYANGNENGGUANGFUZHENLIE，CONGERDADAOTAIYANGNENGGUANGFUFADIANDEMUDE。QIGUDINGFANGSHIYOUDUOZHONG，RUDIMIANGUDINGFANGSHIJIUYOUZHUANGJIFA(ZHIJIEMAIRUFA)、HUNNINGTUKUAIPEIZHONGFA、YUMAIFA、DIMAOFADENG，WUMIANGUDINGFANGSHISUIWUMIANCAILIAOBUTONGERYOUBUTONGDEFANGAN。

　　RUGUOSHANGSHUFANGFAYEBUNENGSHISHISHI,KEZAIFANGSHUICENGSHANGFUSHEBIJIAOGUIDEGUIJIAODENGNAIHOUXINGHUANCHONGCAILIAO，ZAIQISHANGANZHUANGREJINDUXINDEZHONGLIANGDADEGANGGUJIA，RANHOUZAIGANGGUJIASHANGGUDINGZHENLIEZHIJIA。GANGGUJIASHIYONGSULIAOLUOSHUANLIANJIEZAIFANGSHANGZHOUWEITUCHUDEYAYANQIANGSHANG.MUDESHIFENGYABUZHISHIZHENLIEJIGANGGUJIAYIDONG。QIFUZHUQIANGHUAZUOYONG。

　　1.1.1WUMIANGUANGFUXITONGZHIJIA

　　WUMIANGUANGFUZHIJIASUOANZHUANGDEHUANJINGBAOKUOPOWUMIAN、PINGWUMIAN，ANZHUANGSHIXUSHUNYINGWUMIANHUANJING，BUPOHUAIGUYOUJIEGOUJIZIFANGSHUIXITONG，WUMIANCAILIAOBAOKUOLIULIWA、CAIGANGWA、YOUZHANWA、HUNNINGTUMIANDENG。ZHENDUIBUTONGDEWUMIANCAILIAOCAIYONGBUTONGDEZHIJIAFANGAN。

　　WUMIANANQINGXIEJIAODUFENWEIPOMIANHEPINGMIANLIANGZHONG，SUOYIWUMIANGUANGFUXITONGDEQINGXIEJIAODUYOUDUOZHONGXUANZE，DUIYUPOWUMIANTONGCHANGCAIYONGPINGPUDEFANGSHISHUNYINGWUDINGPODUBUZHI，YEKEYICAIYONGYUWUDINGCHENGYIDINGQINGJIAODEBUZHIFANGSHI，DANSHIZHEIZHONGZUOFAXIANGDUIBIJIAOFUZA，ANLIJIAOSHAO;DUIYUPINGWUMIANZEYOUPINGPUHEQINGXIEYIDINGJIAODULIANGZHONGXUANZE。

　　ZHENDUIBUTONGDEWUMIANCAILIAO，HUIYOUBUTONGDEZHIJIAXITONG。

　　1)LIULIWAWUMIANZHIJIA

　　SUOSHI，LIULIWAWEIJIANTU、ZISHADENGRUANYINGZHIYUANLIAOJINGGUOJIZHI、SUYAHOUSHAOZHIERCHENGDEJIANZHUCAILIAO，CAIZHICUI，CHENGZHONGNENGLICHA。ZAIANZHUANGZHIJIASHIYIBANCAIYONGTESHUSHEJIDEZHUZHICHENGGOUJIANYULIULIWAXIACENGWUMIANGUDING，LAIZHICHENGZHIJIAZHULIANGJIHENGLIANG，ZHICHENGGOUJIANRULIANJIEBANDENGTONGCHANGSHEJICHENGRUZHONGSUOSHIDEDUOKAIKONGYANGSHI，LINGHUOYOUXIAOSHIXIANZHIJIAWEIZHIDIAOZHENG。ZUJIANYUHENGLIANGZHIJIANCAIYONGLVHEJINYAKUAIYAJIE。

　　LIULIWAWUMIAN、ZHUZHICHENGGOUJIANJIZUJIANGUDINGYAKUAI

　　2)CAIGANGWAWUMIANZHIJIA

　　CAIGANGBANSHIBOGANGBANJINGLENGYAHUOLENGYACHENGXINGDEGANGCAI。GANGBANCAIYONGYOUJITUCENGBOGANGBAN(HUOCHENGCAISEGANGBAN)、DUXINBOGANGBAN、FANGFUBOGANGBAN(HANSHIMIANLIQINGCENG)HUOQITABOGANGBANDENG。

　　YAXINGGANGBANJUYOUDANWEIZHONGLIANGQING、QIANGDUGAO、KANGZHENXINGNENGHAO、SHIGONGKUAISU、WAIXINGMEIGUANDENGYOUDIAN，SHILIANGHAODEJIANZHUCAILIAOHEGOUJIAN，ZHUYAOYONGYUWEIHUJIEGOU、LOUBAN，YEKEYONGYUQITAGOUZHUWU。

　　WUMIANCAIGANGWAYIBANFENWEI：ZHILISUOBIANXING、YAOKOUXING(JIAOCHISHI)XING、KAKOUXING(ANKOUSHI)XING、GUDINGJIANLIANJIE(MINGDINGSHI)XING。

　　ZHILISUOBIANXING YAOKOUXING(JIAOCHISHI)

　　KAKOU(ANKOUSHI)XING GUDINGJIANLIANJIE(MINGDINGSHI)XING

　　ZAICAIGANGWAWUMIANANZHUANGGUANGFUXITONGSHI，YAOCHONGFENKAOLVCAIGANGWAXINGZHIJIQICHENGZHONGNENGLI，YIQUEDINGZHIJIAGUDINGFANGSHI。CAIGANGWAWUMIANZHIJIAGUDINGFANGSHIZHUYAOGENJUCAIGANGWAXINGZHIERDING，RUSUOSHI：DIMIANZHIJIAGUDINGFANGSHI

　　CAIGANGWAWUMIANZHIJIAGUDINGFANGSHI

　　3)HUNNINGTUWUMIANZHIJIA

　　HUNNINGTUWUMIANGUANGFUZHIJIAYIBANWEIGUDINGQINGJIAODEGUDINGFANGSHI，YEKEYICAIYONGPINGPUFANGSHIBUZHI。GAIXINGWUMIANGUDINGFANGSHIZHUYAOWEIHUNNINGTUJICHUHEBIAOZHUNHUAGUDINGLIANJIEJIANGUDING，FENWEIXIANJIAOXINGHEYUJIAOXINGLIANGZHONGFANGSHI。

　　·HUNNINGTUWUMIANSHANGXIANJIAOJUXINGJICHU，SHISHIHEWUMIANCHENGZAIXIAO、FENGHEZAIGAODEDIQUHEWUMIAN;RUXIATUSUOSHI：1JUXINGJICHUYUWUMIANYONGHUAXUEMAOSHUANLIANJIE;2JUXINGJICHUSHANGANZHUANGBIAOZHUNHUADEGUDINGLIANJIEJIAN;3.ZHIJIAYUZUJIANZUZHUANG。

　　HUNNINGTUWUMIANXIANJIAOJUXINGJICHU

　　·HUNNINGTUWUMIANSHANGFANGZHIYUJIAOJUXINGJICHU，SHIHEWUMIANCHENGZAIXIAO、FENGHEZAIXIAODEDIQUHEWUMIAN;JUXINGJICHUSHANGYUZHIBIAOZHUNHUADEGUDINGLIANJIEJIAN。

　　HUNNINGTUWUMIANYUJIAOJUXINGJICHU

　　1.1.2DIMIANGUANGFUXITONG

　　DIMIANGUANGFUXITONGSHIZHIANZHUANGDIDIANXUANZEZAIHUWAIKAIKUODIMIANDEGUANGFUXITONG，CHANGJIANDAXINGDIMIANGUANGFUXITONGDEZHIJIAGUDINGFANGSHISUIZHEDIZHI、HUANJING、QIHOUDENGYINSUERBUTONG。YIBANCAIYONGHUNNINGTUTIAOXING(KUAIZHUANG)JICHUXINGSHI(TESHUDIJIQINGKUANGXUYAOZIXUNZHUANYETULIXUESHEJIRENYUAN)，YEKEYICAIYONGZHUANGJISHI、DIMAOSHI(RU)DENGFANGSHI。

　　LUOXUANZHUANGJI

　　ZHONGSUOSHIDESIZHONGBUTONGJICHUXINGSHIKEYIGENJUSHIJIQINGKUANGXUANZE，QIZHONGHUNNINGTUKUAIPEIZHONGHEYUMAIJIANDEFANGFAJINGCHANGYINGYONGYUWUDINGTAIYANGNENGJIANSHEHUOGAIZAO，ZHEIYANGKEYIYOUXIAOBIMIANPOHUAIWUDINGFANGSHUICENGDENGJIEGOU;DIMAOFAHEZHIMAISHICHANGYONGYUTAIYANGNENGDIANZHANDEJIANSHEZHONG，JUYOUWENGU、KEKAOXINGGAODETEDIAN。

　　GENJUSHIGONGJINGYAN，DIMAOFASHIGONGJICHUWEILAOGU，ANQUANXINGGAO，DANSHIDIMAOYUTAIYANGNENGGUANGFUZHIJIALIANJIEBUWEIXUYAOTEBIEDINGZUO，ZAOJIAHENGAO。XIANGBIZHIXIA，ZHIMAISHISHIGONGJIANBIAN，ZHIXUYAOSHIYONGKAIKONGJIZAIXIANCHANGKAIKONGBINGGUANZHUHUNNINGTU，ZAIHUNNINGTUWEININGGUZHIQIANJIANGCAOGANGZHIJIECHARUKONGZHONGJIKE，DANSHIYUDIMAOFAXIANGBI，ZHIMAISHIJICHUDUIXIANCHANGTURANGDEZILIXINGYAOQIUJIAOGAO，XUYAOJINXINGQIANQIDEDIZHIKANCESHIYAN。DANGRAN，ZAIDIZHIQINGKUANGFEICHANGYOUBAOZHANGDEQINGKUANGXIA，YEKEYIBUZUOQIANQIDEDIZHIKANTAN。

　　TAIYANGNENGGUANGFUZHIJIAZHU、CILIANGDEPAIBUFANGSHIZHUYAOQUJUEYUDIANCHIBANDEANFANGFANGFA。ZONGDELAISHUO，YOUYUDIANKUANGYUNXUDEQIANTIXIA，ZHIMAIFAXIANRANYOUYUDIMAOFA。

　　1.2GENZONGSHIGUANGFUZHIJIA

　　DANGTAIYANGGUANGXIANCHUIZHIYUDIANCHIMIANBANSHI，TAIYANGNENGJIESHOUDAODETAIYANGNENGDA，FADIANGONGLVYE

　　GAO。DANSHIDIQIUSHISHIKEKEDOUZAIJINXINGGONGZHUANHEZIZHUAN，YINCITAIYANGGUANGXIANJIAODUSHISHIKEDOUZAIFASHENGBIANHUADE。ERGUDINGZHIJIA，YINWEIDIANCHIMIANBANSHIGUDINGDE，YINCIBUNENGBAOZHENGJINLIANGRANGTAIYANGGUANGXIANCHUIZHIDIANCHIMIANBAN，BUNENGCHONGFENLIYONGTAIYANGNENG。

　　YINCIGENZONGXITONGSHIJINLIANGQUDUIZHUNTAIYANG，SHITAIYANGGUANGXIANZAIDIANCHIMIANBANDANWEIMIANJIDEJIESHOUDAODETAIYANGGUANGXIANGENGDUO，CONGERZENGJIAFADIANLIANG。MUQIANERYAN，GENZONGXITONGBAOKUODANZHOUGENZONGXITONGYUSHUANGZHOUGENZONGXITONGLIANGDALEI，DANZHOUGENZONGXITONGYOUFENWEISHUIPINGDANZHOUGENZONGXITONGHEXIEDANZHOUGENZONGXITONG。

　　1.2.1SHUIPINGDANZHOUGENZONG

　　RUSUOSHI，SHUIPINGDANZHOUGENZONGSHIHEZAIDIWEIDUDIQU，TONGCHANGGENZONGTAIYANGDEGAODUJIAOLAITIGAOTAIYANGGUANGXIANZAIDIANCHIMIANBANDECHUIZHIFENLIANGLAITIGAOQIFADIANLIANG。SHUIPINGDANZHOUGENZONGXITONG，BUSHIDANCHUNGENZONGTAIYANGGAODUJIAO，ERSHICAIQUYITAOFUZADEJISUANSUANFA，SHIDEQITAIYANGGUANGXIANZAIDIANCHIMIANBANDECHUIZHIFENLIANGDAHUA，LAIKONGZHIQIYUNDONGJIAODU。ZHEIYANGDAHUADEZENGDALEGUANGFUFADIANLIANG。SHUIPINGDANZHOUGENZONGYIBANXIANGDUIYUGUDINGZHIJIANENGZENGJIA20%DAO30%ZHIJIAN。

　　SHUIPINGDANZHOUGENZONGSHIYITU

　　1.2.2XIEDANZHOUGENZONG

　　XIEDANZHOUSHIHEYUWEIDUGAOYU30DUYISHANG，TONGGUOZHUANZHOUDEQINGXIEJIAOBUCHANGWEIDUJIAO。，RANHOUZAIZHUANZHOUFANGXIANGGENZONGTAIYANGGAODUJIAO，CONGERDADAOGENGHAODEZENGDAGUANGFUFADIANLIANG。YIBANXIANGDUIYUGUDINGZHIJIAKEYIZENGJIAFADIANLIANG25%DAO35%ZHIJIAN。

　　1.2.3SHUANGZHOUGENZONG

　　SHUANGZHOUGENZONG，YOULIANGGEZHUANZHOUTONGSHIYUNDONG，ZHEIYANGKEYIBAOZHENGTAIYANGDIANCHIBANSHIZHONGCHUIZHIYUTAIYANGGUANGXIAN，YINCISHUANGZHOUGENZONGTISHENGTAIYANGFADIANXIAOLVGAO。KEYITIGAO35%-45%。

　　2ZAIHEJISUAN

　　JIANGTAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEANZHUANGZAIDIMIANSHANGHUOZHEFANGWUWUDINGSHANG，YIJIZHUZHAIDEPINGWUDINGSHANGDECHANG

　　HE，SHOUXIANDAHAOLAOGUDEDIJI，RANHOUZAIZUOZHIJIASHEJI。ZHIJIA(ZHICHIWU)DABUFENDOUSHIGANGJIEGOU。

　　ZHIJIASHIANZHUANGCONGXIADUANDAOSHANGDUANGAODUWEI4mYIXIADETAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIESHISHIYONG。JIEGOUSHEJISHIBAYUNXUYINGLISHEJIZUOWEIJIBEN，SHEJIYONGDEHEZHONGSHIYIDENGJIAJINGTAIHEZHONGWEIQIANTI。DAOXIANZAIWEIZHIGUANYUTAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEDEZHIJIAMEIYOUSHEJIBIAOZHUN，RUGUOZUOWEIDIANQISHEBEIKAOLVDECHANGHE，ANZHAOSONGDIANZHICHENGWUSHEJIBIAOZHUN，RUGUOZUOWEIJIANZHUWUKAOLV，ZEANZHAOJIANZHUFA、JIANZHUWUHEZHONGDENG。DANSHI，ZHEIXIEBIAOZHUNZAISHEJIDUIXIANGHESHEJIFANGFADEKAOLVZHONGCUNZAIYIXIECHAYI，BUSHIHECHENGWEITAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEDESHEJIBIAOZHUN。

　　2.1JIAXIANGHEZHONG

　　ZUOWEITAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEYONGZHIJIAJIEGOUSHEJISHIDEJIAXIANGHEZHONG，YOUCHIJIUZUOYONGDEGUDINGHEZHONGHEZIRANJIEWAILIDEFENGYAHEZHONG、JIXUEHEZHONGJIDIZHENHEZHONGDENG。CIWAI，YEYOUYINWENDUBIANHUACHANSHENGDE“WENDUHEZHONG”，DANSHIZAICHULEHANJIEJIEGOUDEZHANGBUJIANYIWAIDEZHICHENGWUZHONG，YUQITAHEZHONGXIANGBIHENXIAO，YINCIHULVEBUJI。

　　①GUDINGHEZHONG(G )。ZUJIANZHILIANG( M G )HEZHICHENGWUDENGZHILIANG( K G )DEZONGHE。

　　②FENGYAHEZHONG(W )。JIAZAIZUJIANSHANGDEFENGYALI( M W )HEJIAZAIZHICHENGWUSHANGDEFENGYALI( K W )DEZONGHE(SHILIANGHE)。

　　③JIXUEHEZHONG( S )。YUZUJIANMIANCHUIZHIDEJIXUEHEZHONG。

　　④DIZHENHEZHONG( K )。JIAZAIZHICHENGWUSHANGDESHUIPINGDIZHENLI(ZAIGANGJIEGOUZHIJIAZHONGDIZHENHEZHONGYIBANBIFENGYAHEZHONGYAOXIAO)

　　HEZHONGTIAOJIANHEHEZHONGZUHERUBIAO1SUOSHI。DUOXUEDIQUDEHEZHONGZUHE，BAJIXUEHEZHONGSHEWEIPINGSHIDE70%，BAOFENGSHIJIDIZHENSHISHEWEI35%。

　　BIAO1HEZHONGDETIAOJIANHEZUHE

　　HEZHONGTIAOJIAN

　　YIBANDIFANG

　　DUOXUEDIQU

　　ZHANGQI

　　PINGSHI

　　G

　　G +0.7 S

　　DUANQI

　　JIXUESHI

　　G +S

　　G +S

　　BAOFENGYUSHI

　　G +W

　　G + 0.35 S +W

　　DIZHENSHI

　　G +K

　　G + 0.35 S +W

　　2.2FENGYAHEZHONG

　　ZAISHEJITAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEANZHUANGYONGZHIJIAJIEGOUSHI，ZAIJIAXIANGHEZHONGZHONGDADEHEZHONGYIBANSHI

　　FENGYAHEZHONG。ZAIDIANCHIZHENLIEZHONGYINFENGYINQIDESUNHUAIDUOSHUZAIQIANGFENGSHIFASHENG。ZHEILIGUIDINGDEFENGYAHEZHONGZHISHIYONGYUFANGZHIYINQIANGFENGDAOZHIDEPOHUAIWEIMUDEDESHEJI。

　　(1) SHEJISHIDEFENGYAHEZHONG

　　ZUOYONGYUZHENLIEDEFENGYAHEZHONG：W = CW×q ×AW

　　SHIZHONGWSHIFENGYAHEZHONG( N );C WSHIFENGLIXISHU;qSHEJIYONGSUDUYA(N/m2);A WSHISHOUFENGMIANJI(m2)。

　　(2)SHEJISHIDESUDUYA

　　SHEJISHIDESUDUYA：q = q0×α×I×J

　　SHIZHONGq SHISHEJIYONGDESUDUYA(N/m2);q0SHIJIZHUNSUDUYA(N/m2);αSHIGAODUBUCHANGXISHU;

　　I SHIYONGTUXISHU;JSHIHUANJINGXISHU。

　　DUIYUSHEJISUDUYAq，YIBANYINGANZHAORUXIAZHUNZEJISUAN: DUIYUDISHANG16mYIXIAHE16mYISHANGCHANGHEDESUDUYASUANSHIYINGANZHAORUXIAZHUNZEJISUAN：DISHANG16mYIXIADECHANGHE: 60;DISHANG16mYISHANGDECHANGHE: 1204 。ZHEILI，hWEIDIMIANYISHANGDEGAODU。ZAIDIMIAN31mYISHANGANZHUANGDECHANGHE，FENGLIXISHUGUIDINGWEI1.5YISHANG。

　　①JIZHUNSUDUYAq0。SHEDINGJIZHUNGAODU10m，YOUXIASHISUANCHU：q0= 0.5ρ×V 02SHIZHONGq0SHIJIZHUNSUDUYA(N/m2);ρSHIKONGQIMIDUFENGSU(N·s2/m4);V0SHISHEJIYONGJIZHUN(m/s)。KONGQIDEMIDUZAIXIATIANHEDONGTIANBUYIYANG，CONGANQUANJIAODUKAOLVQUSHUZHIDADEDONGTIANDEZHI1.274N·s2/m4。SHEJIYONGJIZHUNFENGSUQUZAITAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEDEANZHUANGCHANGSUO，DISHANGGAODU10m CHU，ZAI50 NIANNEIZAIXIANDEDASHUNSHIFENGSU。

　　②GAODUBUZHENGXISHUα。SUIDIMIANYISHANGDEGAODUBUTONG，SUDUYAYEBUTONG，YINCIYAOJINXINGGAODUBUZHENG。GAODUBUZHENGXISHUYOUXIASHISUANCHU: α= ,SHIZHONGαSHIGAODUBUZHENGXISHU;h SHIZHENLIEDEDIMIANYISHANGGAODU;h0SHIJIZHUNDIMIANYISHANGGAODUl0m;nSHIBIAOSHIYINGAODUDIZENGBIANHUADECHENGDU，5WEIBIAOZHUN。

　　③YONGTUXISHUI 。SHIYUTAIYANGNENGGUANGFUFADIANXITONGDEYONGTUZHONGYAOCHENGDUDUIYINGDEXISHU(CANJIANBIAO2)。TONGCHANG，TAIYANGNENGGUANGFUFADIANXITONGDEFENGSUDESHEJIYONGZAIXIANQIXIANSHEWEI50NIAN，ZHEIXIANGDANGYUYONGTUXISHU1.0。

　　BIAO2 YONGTUXISHU

　　YONGTUXISHU

　　TAIYANGNENGGUANGFUFADIANXITONGDEYONGTU

　　1.15

　　JIZHONGYAODETAIYANGNENGGUANGFUFADIANXITONG

　　1.0

　　PUTONGDETAIYANGNENGGUANGFUFADIANXITONG

　　0.85

　　DUANSHIJIANXITONG，QIEZHENLIEWEIYUDIMIANYISHANGGAODUWEI2m YIXIACHANGHE

　　④HUANJINGXISHUJ 。SHIYUTAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEDEANZHUANGCHANGSUODEDIXINGHEJIANZHUWUQINGKUANGDENGDUIYINGDEXISHU(CANJIANBIAO3)。ZHENLIEDEANZHUANGCHANGSUOSHEDINGWEIZAIDIMIANYISHANGGAODU6mYIXIA。

　　BIAO3HUANJINGXISHU

　　HUANJINGXISHU

　　JIANSHEDIDIANZHOUWEIDIXINGDENGZHUANGTAI

　　1.15

　　RUHAIPINGMIANYIYANGJIBENMEIYOUZHANGAIWUDEPINGTANDIYU

　　0.90

　　SHUMU、DICENGFANGWUDENGFENBUDEPINGTANDIYU

　　0.70

　　SHUMU、DICENGFANGWUMIJI,HUOZHONGCENGJIANZHUDENGFENBUDEDIYU

　　(3)FENGLIXISHU

　　①ZUJIANMIANDEFENGLIXISHU。FENGLIXISHUYIBANTONGGUOFENGDONGSHIYANQUEDING，GENGZHUANYEDENEIRONGQINGCANKAOXIANGGUANZILIAO。

　　②ZHICHENGWUGOUCHENGCAILIAODEFENGLIXISHU。ZAIZHICHENGWUDEGUJIAJIDANTICAILIAOSHANGZUOYONGDEFENGYADEFENGLIXISHU，YOUFENGDONGSHIYANQUEDING，GENGZHUANYEDENEIRONGQINGCANKAOXIANGGUANZILIAO。

　　2.3JIXUEHEZHONG

　　SHEJISHIDEJIXUEHEZHONGYOUXIASHISUANCHU：S = C S×P×Z S×A S,SHIZHONGS SHIJIXUEHEZHONG(N);C SSHIPODUXISHU;P SHIXUEDEPINGJUNDANWEIZHILIANG(XIANGDANGYUJIXUE1 cmDEZHILIANG，N/m2); Z SSHIDISHANGCHUIZHISHENJIXUELIANG(cm); A SJIXUEMIANJI(ZHENLIEMIANDEMIANJI)(m2)。

　　(1) PODUXISHUS C YOUBIAO4 QUEDING。

　　BIAO5.8 PODUXISHU

　　JIXUEMIANDEPODU

　　PODUXISHUCS

　　<30º

　　1.0

　　30º～40º

　　0.75

　　40º～50º

　　0.5

　　50º～60º

　　0.5

　　>60º

　　0

　　(2) XUEDEPINGJUNDANWEIZHILIANGP

　　XUEDEPINGJUNDANWEIZHILIANGSHIZHIJIXUEHOUDUWEIlcm、MIANJIWEIlm2DEZHILIANG。YIBANDEDIFANGWEI19.6NYISHANG，DUOXUEQUYUWEI29.4NYISHANG。

　　(3) JIXUELIANGS Z

　　TAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEMIANDESHEJIYONGJIXUELIANGSHEDINGWEIDISHANGCHUIZHISHENDEJIXUELIANGS Z，DANSHI，JINGCHANGSAOXUEERJIXUELIANGJIANSHAODECHANGHE，GENJUZHUANGKUANGKEYIJIANXIAOS ZZHI。

　　2.4DIZHENHEZHONG

　　SHEJIYONGDIZHENHEZHONGDEJISUAN，KEFENWEIYIBANDIQU: K = C1×GHEDUOXUEQUYU: K = C1×( G +0.35S )。SHIZHONGK SHIDIZHENHEZHONG(N); C1SHIDIZHENCENGKANGJIANXISHU;GSHIGUDINGHEZHONG(N) ;SSHIJIXUEHEZHONG(N) 。DIZHENCENGKANGJIANXISHUC1GONGSHIWEI: C1= Z×Ri×A i×C0，SHIZHONGC1SHIDIZHENCENGKANGJIANXISHU; ZSHIDIZHENDIYUXISHU; R iSHIZHENDONGTEXINGXISHU; AiSHIDIZHENCENGKANGJIANFENBUXISHU;C0SHIBIAOZHUNKANGJIANXISHU。

　　3ZHIJIACAILIAOJIXUANXING

　　TAIYANGNENGZHIJIACAILIAO、ANZHUANGFANGSHIDEXUANZE，XUYAOJIAOYANGEDEJISUANCAINENGQUEDING。LINGWAI，SHOUANZHUANGDIDIANDEZHIDI、QIHOU、HUANJINGDENGYINSUYINGXIANG，NAIHOUXINGYESHIXUANZEDEYIJUZHIYI。RUZHIDISONGRUANDEANZHUANGDIDIANKEYICAIYONGDIMAODEFANGSHIGUDING，RUOLISHIDAFENGSUHUODAXUELIANGDOUZAIYIDINGFANWEINEI，ZEKEYISHIDANGXUANZEJINENGMANZUYAOQIU，CHENGBENYOUJIAODIDECAILIAO。JISUANXIANGMURUSHANGSHUERZHANGSUOSHU，XUYAOJISUANFENGZAI、XUEZAIDENG。LINGWAI，HAIXUKAOLVWEIXIUJICAILIAOHUISHOUDENGYINSU。

　　MUQIAN，TAIYANGNENGZHIJIADECAILIAOZHUYAOYOULVHEJIN(Al6005-T5 BIAOMIANYANGJIYANGHUA)、BUXIUGANG(304)、　　DUXINGANGJIAN(Q235 REDUXIN)DENG，QIZHONGYIBUXIUGANGCAILIAOCHENGBENGAO，NAIHOUXINGHAO，KEHUISHOULIYONGJIAZHIGAO;

　　LVHEJINZHIJIAYIBANYONGZAIMINYONGJIANZHUWUDINGTAIYANGNENGYINGYONGSHANG，LVHEJINJUYOUNAIFUSHI、ZHILIANGQING、MEIGUANNAIYONGDETEDIAN，DANQICHENGZAILIDI，WUFAYINGYONGZAIDAXINGTAIYANGNENGDIANZHANXIANGMUSHANG。LINGWAI，LVHEJINDEJIAGEBIREDUXINHOUDEGANGCAISHAOGAO。

　　DUXINGANGZHIJIAXINGNENGWENDING，ZHIZAOGONGYICHENGSHU，CHENGZAILIGAO，ANZHUANGJIANBIAN，GUANGFANYINGYONGYUMINYONG、GONGYETAIYANGNENGGUANGFUHETAIYANGNENGDIANZHANZHONG。QIZHONG，XINGGANGJUNWEIGONGCHANGSHENGCHAN，GUIGETONGYI，XINGNENGWENDING，FANGFUXINGNENGYOULIANG，WAIXINGMEIGUAN。ZHIDEYITIDESHI，ZUHEXINGGANGZHIJIAXITONG，QIXIANCHANGANZHUANG，ZHIXUYAOSHIYONGTEBIESHEJIDELIANJIEJIANJIANGCAOGANGPINZHUANGJIKE，SHIGONGSUDUKUAI，WUXUHANJIE，CONGERBAOZHENGLEFANGFUCENGDEWANZHENGXING。ZHEIZHONGCHANPINDEQUEDIANSHILIANJIEJIANGONGYIFUZA，ZHONGLEIFANDUO，DUISHENGCHANZHIZAO、SHEJIYAOQIUGAO，YINCIJIAGEBUFEI。DUXINGANGDELINGYIQUEDIANSHICAILIAOZHONGHUISHOULIYONGJIAZHIBURUQIANLIANGZHONGGAO。

　　MUQIANPUBIANYINGYONGDEWEIDUXINGANGZHIJIA，ZHUYAOCAIYONGXINGGANGZUOWEIZHUCAI，SUOWEIXINGGANGSHIYIZHONGYOUYIDINGJIEMIANXINGZHUANGHECHICUNDETIAOXINGGANGCAI，QIZHUYAOLEIXINGYOUGONGZIGANG、CAOGANG、JIAOGANG、YUANGANG、FANGGANG、CXINGGANG、HXINGGANGDENG。

　　1)JIAOGANGKEANJIEGOUDEBUTONGXUYAOZUCHENGGEZHONGBUTONGDESHOULIGOUJIAN，YEKEZUOGOUJIANZHIJIANDELIANJIEJIAN。GUANGFANDIYONGYUGEZHONGJIANZHUJIEGOUHEGONGCHENGJIEGOU，RUFANGLIANG、QIAOLIANG、SHUDIANTA、QIZHONGYUNSHUJIXIE、CHUANBO、GONGYELU、FANYINGTA、RONGQIJIAYIJICANGKUHUOJIADENG。JIAOGANGSHUJIANZAOYONGTANSUJIEGOU

　　GANG，SHIJIANDANDUANMIANDEXINGGANGGANGCAI，ZHUYAOYONGYUJINSHUGOUJIANJICHANGFANGDEKUANGJIADENG。ZAISHIYONGZHONGYAOQIUYOUJIAOHAODEKEHANXING、SUXINGBIANXINGXINGNENGJIYIDINGDEJIXIEQIANGDU。SHENGCHANJIAOGANGDEYUANLIAOGANGPIWEIDITANFANGGANGPI，CHENGPINJIAOGANGWEIREYACHENGXING、ZHENGHUOHUOREYAZHUANGTAIJIAOHUO。

　　2JIAOGANG

　　2)HXINGGANGSHIYIZHONGJIEMIANMIANJIFENPEIGENGJIAYOUHUA、QIANGZHONGBIGENGJIAHELIDEJINGJIDUANMIANGAOXIAOXINGCAI，YINQIDUANMIANYUYINGWENZIMU“H”XIANGTONGERDEMING。YOUYUHXINGGANGDEGEGEBUWEIJUNYIZHIJIAOPAIBU，YINCIHXINGGANGZAIGEGEFANGXIANGSHANGDOUJUYOUKANGWANNENGLIQIANG、SHIGONGJIANDAN、JIEYUECHENGBENHEJIEGOUZHONGLIANGQINGDENGYOUDIAN，YIBEIGUANGFANYINGYONG。

　　HXINGGANGFENWEIKUANYIYUANHXINGGANG(HW)、ZHONGYIYUANHXINGGANG(HM)、ZHAIYIYUANHXINGGANG(HN)、BOBIHXINGGANG(HT)、HXINGGANGZHUANG(HU)DENG。

　　3 HXINGGANG

　　3)CXINGGANGJINGREJUANBANLENGWANJIAGONGERCHENG，BIBOZIZHONGQING，JIEMIANXINGNENGYOULIANG，QIANGDUGAO，YUCHUANTONGCAOGANGXIANGBI，TONGDENGQIANGDUKEJIEYUECAILIAO30%。

　　4 CXINGGANG

　　CXINGGANGGUANGFANYONGYUGANGJIEGOUJIANZHUDELINTIAO、QIANGLIANG，YEKEZIXINGZUHECHENGQINGLIANGXINGWUJIA、TUOJIADENGJIANZHUGOUJIAN。CIWAI，HAIKEYONGYUJIXIEQINGGONGZHIZAOZHONGDEZHU、LIANGHEBEIDENG。

　　4)JUXINGGUANSHIYIZHONGZHONGKONGDEZHANGTIAOGANGCAI，DALIANGYONGZUOSHUSONGLIUTIDEGUANDAO，RUSHIYOU、JUXINGGUANTIANRANQI、SHUI、MEIQI、ZHENGQIDENG，LINGWAI，ZAIGAOWAN、KANGNIUQIANGDUXIANGTONGSHI，ZHONGLIANGJIAOQING，SUOYIYEGUANGFANYONGYUZHIZAOJIXIELINGJIANHEGONGCHENGJIEGOU。YECHANGYONGZUOSHENGCHANGEZHONGCHANGGUIWUQI、QIANGGUAN、PAODANDENG。ZAIGUANGFUZHIJIAXITONGZHONGZHUYAOZUOWEIHENGLIANGSHIYONG。

　　4FANGZHENBUJU

　　ZAITAIYANGNENGGUANGFUDIANZHANSHEJIZHONG，DIANCHIZHENLIEDEBUZHIFEICHANGZHONGYAO。ZHENLIEJIANDEJULIDUIDIANZHANDESHUCHUGONGLVHEZHUANHUANXIAOLVYOUJIAODADEYINGXIANG，RUANZHUANGBUTUO，HOUPAIDETAIYANGGUANGJIANGBEIQIANPAIZHEDANG。YUZHENLIEJIANJUMIQIEXIANGGUANDESHITAIYANGGAODUJIAO，YINCIBENWENZHONGTICHULELIANGZHONGJISUANTAIYANGGAODUJIAODEFANGFA，BINGDUIJIEGUOJINXINGBIJIAO。

　　4.1TAIYANGGAODUJIAO

　　TAIYANGNENGDIANCHIZHENLIEANZHUANGJIAN5SUOSHI，TUZHONGWULILIANGJIANGZAIXIAWENZHONGJINXINGSHUOMING。

　　5DIANCHIZHENLIEANZHUANGSHIYI

　　TAIYANGGAODUJIAOSHIZHIDUIYUDIQIUSHANGDEMOUGEDIDIANTAIYANGGUANGDERUSHEFANGXIANGHEDIPINGMIANZHIJIANDEJIAJIAO。TAIYANGGAODUJIAOSHIJUEDINGDIQIUBIAOMIANHUODETAIYANGRENENGDUOSHAODEZHONGYAOYINSU。

　　4.1.1YINGZIBEILVFAJISUANTAIYANGGAODUJIAO

　　YIBANZAISHUIPINGMIANCHUIZHISHULIDEGAOWEILDEMUGAN，QINANBEIFANGXIANGYINGZIDEZHANGDUWEILs，TAIYANGDEGAODUJIAOWEIh，FANGWEIJIAOWEIα，NEIMEYINGZIDEBEILVRKEYOUXIASHIBIAOSHI:

　　R = LS/L= ctgh·cosα ( 1)

　　SHIZHONG: RWEIYINGZIBEILV;LWEIZHENLIEGAODU;LsWEIYINGZIZHANGDU;hWEITAIYANGGAODUJIAO;αWEITAIYANGFANGWEIJIAO。

　　ZHENLIEDEYINGZIZHANGDUYINANZHUANGCHANGSUODEWEIDU、JIJIE、SHIJIANBUTONGERYI，RUGUOZAIYINGZIZHANGDEDONGZHI，CONGWUQIAN9:00ZHIWUHOU15: 00，YINGZIDUIZHENLIEMEIYOUYINGXIANG，SHUOMINGTAIYANGDIANCHISHUCHUGONGLVBUSHOUYINGXIANG。TONGGUO“DONGZHITAIYANGWEIZHITU”KEYIZHIDAOZHEIDUANSHIJIANNEIDETAIYANGGAODUJIAOhHEFANGWEIJIAOα。

　　4.1.2GENJUHANSHUJISUANTAIYANGGAODUJIAO

　　GENJUQIUMIANSANJIAOHANSHUFENXIRENWEITAIYANGGAODUYUGUANCEZHEDEDILIWEIDU、TAIYANGCHIWEIHEFANGWEIJIAOYOUZHEYIDINGGUANXI，TAMENZHIJIANDEGUANXISHIWEI:

　　sinh = sinφ·sinδ + cosφ·cosδ·cosα ( 2)

　　SHIZHONG: φ———DANGDIWEIDUJIAO;

　　δ———DANGDICHIWEIJIAO。

　　YINIANZHONGn TIANDECHIWEIJIAOδANRUXIAGONGSHIJISUAN:

　　δ= 23. 45·sin[360·(284 + n)/365] ( 3)

　　SHI( 2) ( 3) ZHONG，RUOYIZHIMOUDIANDEDILIWEIZHI，RIQIHESHIKE，JIUKEYISUANCHUDANGDIDANGSHIDETAIYANGGAODUJIAO。ZHENGWUSHI，TAIYANGFANGWEIJIAOWEILING，ZEcosα= 1，SHI( 2)BIANWEI

　　sinh = sinφ·sinδ + cosδ·cosδ =cos(φ-δ) = sin[90°-( φ-δ)]( 4)

　　DECHUJISUANTAIYANGGAODUJIAODEJIBENGONGSHI:

　　h=90°-(φ-δ) ( 5)

　　4.2 ZHENLIEJIANJUDEJISUAN

　　4.2.1 LIYONG4.1.1ZHONGFANGFAJISUANJIANJU

　　YOUGONGSHI( 1) KEYIDECHU:

　　LS = L·ctgh·cosα (6)

　　h YUαGENJUDANGDIWEIDUKEYICHACHU，LsJIKEQIUCHU。

　　4.2.2LIYONG4.1.1 ZHONGFANGFAJISUANJIANJU

　　YOU5KEYIZHIDAOTAIYANGGAODUJIAOYUDIANCHIZHENLIEZHIJIANDEGUANXI，YOUJIHETUXINGFENXIKEDE:

　　(L-e)/Ls= tgh = tg[90°- ( φ-δ) ] (7)

　　Ls = ( L - e) ·ctgh= ( L-e)·ctg[90°-(φ-δ)] ( 8)

　　YOUGONGSHI( 8) KEZHI，TAIYANGGAODUJIAOh YUEXIAO，QITOUYINGJULIL YUEDA。SUOYISHEJICAIYONGXIAODERUSHEJIAOJIDONGZHIRITAIYANGGAODUJIAOJINXINGZHENLIEJIANJUDEJISUANKEYIMANZUYAOQIU。

　　5ZONGJIE

　　GUANGFUZHIJIASHIGUANGFUDIANZHANFEICHANGZHONGYAODEZUCHENGBUFEN，TACHENGZAIZHEGUANGFUDIANZHANDEFADIANZHUTI，RUGUOSHEJIBUHELI，ZAIZAIHAIQIHOUXIAFASHENGSHIGU，DUIYUDIANZHANDEYINGXIANGSHIZHIMINGDE。SUOYIZAISHEJIGUOCHENGZHONG，XUYAOZONGHEKAOLVGEFANGMIANDEYINSU，ZHONGQUEDINGZHIJIADEXUANXINGJIZHENLIEDEBUZHI。BENCIZONGJIEMEIYOUSHEJIZHIJIAJICHUDEJISUANWENTI，HOUXUHUIZENGJIAGAIBUFENNEIRONG。